Simplified Numerical Model Development for Advanced Design of Lightweight-Concrete Encased Cold-Formed Steel Compressed Elements

The utilization of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements has become more popular recently, due to their cost efficiency and feasibility in construction work. Nevertheless, since such are subjected a variety complex stability issues, numerous approaches strengthening have been examined. Namely, CFS members were braced by using lightweight concrete through previous experimental program. A simplified finite element model was performed consistently with the work, estimate ultimate load encased compression. main aim this research overcome difficulties modeling block substituting volume springs. In addition, practical equation proposed predict stiffness springs, an imperfection amplitude set obtain design capacity compressed elements.