Simonkolleite nanoparticles for seed treatment and control of tomato bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri

ABSTRACT Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp. (X. vesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, perforans, and hortorum gardneri) may result in significant losses for tomato crops. Simonkolleite nanoparticles (SK-NPs) has been indicated as a novel approach plant disease control. The objective of this work was to evaluate SK-NPs (ZnOCl, ZnOCl:Ag, ZnOCl:Cu at different concentrations) the vitro inhibition gardneri, determining time exposure products bacterial death; reduction bacteria recovery on inoculated seeds, their efficacy reduce severity plant. growth evaluated zone culture medium plates, when diameter measured. period suspension tested were 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 h. Tomato seeds treated with SK-NPs. In plant, preventive curative effects applying two days before after inoculation, respectively. Disease area under progress curve (AUDPC) calculated. ZnOCl:Cu, ZnOCl inhibited growth, h necessary growth. reduced presence did not affect seed germination. Both AUDPC application. use ZnOCl:Ag showed be promising manage spot.