Similarities in Lithium Growth at Vastly Different Rates

Lithium electrodeposition is important for lithium metal batteries and presently a safety reliability concern the lithium-ion technology. In literature, many models growth of dendrites can be found strong dependence on deposition rate expected. To elucidate process deposition, operando light microscopy at physical resolution limit was performed rates varying by more than three orders magnitude. The results show different regimes depending rate, where needles, bushes, or accelerated bushes dominate deposition. All these deposits are based small crystalline needles flakes. Little evidence concentration gradient driven found. At highest electrolyte ionically depletes, but continues non-directional bush mainly from their insides. An step all insertion into defects in lithium.