Shoulder girdle and forelimb myology of extant Monotremata

Geometric morphometrics of the shoulder girdle in extant turtles (Chelonii).

The aim of this study was to identify shape patterns of the shoulder girdle in relation to different functional and environmental behaviours in turtles. The Procrustes method was used to compare the shoulder girdles (scapula and coracoid) of 88 adult extant turtles. The results indicate that four shape patterns can be distinguished. The shoulder girdles of (1) terrestrial (Testudinidae), (2) hi...

Evolution of the Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb in Sauropodomorpha (dinosauria, Saurischia): Osteology, Myology and Function

Comparative myology of the forelimb of squirrels (Sciuridae).

The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, representing the Pteromyinae (flying squirrels) and all 7 tribes of the Sciurinae (tree and ground squirrels). The objective was to locate derived anatomical features of functional or phylogenetic significance and to determine how much morphological variation underlies the diverse locomotor behavior of squi...

Shoulder girdle rotation, forelimb movement and the influence of carapace shape on locomotion in Testudo hermanni (Testudinidae).

Studies into the function of structures are crucial for making connections between morphology and behaviour of organisms, but are still rare for the terrestrial Testudinidae. We investigated the kinematics of shoulder girdle and forelimb motion in Hermann's tortoise Testudo hermanni using biplanar X-ray fluoroscopy with a twofold aim: firstly, to understand how the derived shapes of shoulder gi...

Comparison of eight-weeks shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and combined corrective exercises on balance in upper crossed syndrome

Introduction: Upper crossed syndrome is known as a musculoskeletal abnormality that results in postural changes such as forward head, forward shoulder and kyphosis. Balance is one of the most important posture component that might be reduced by upper crossed syndrome. This study aimed to compare of eight-week shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and combined corrective exercises program for improving...