Shifting light with spin

shifting conceptualization of public accountability in light of shifting public administration patterns

public accountability is a sign of modern and democratic administration. accountability has become a topic of concern in governance literature. the question of holding politicians and administration accountable in new governance environment, where many traditional means for controlling government have been no longer fully applied, has gained wide recognition. as a consequence, new types of acco...

Electron Spin Resonance with Far Infrared Light

Opto-mechanical frequency shifting of scattered light

Light being scattered back from external surfaces or optical components can affect the sensitivity of optical measurement systems such as interferometers. By modulating the optical path length in front of a critical optical component the noise contributions due to the scattered light can be shifted out of the frequency band of interest. An opto-mechanical phase shifter has been designed for thi...

Ring endomorphisms with nil-shifting property

Cohn called a ring $R$ is reversible if whenever $ab = 0,$ then $ba = 0$ for $a,bin R.$ The reversible property is an important role in noncommutative ring theory‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎Abdul-Jabbar et al‎. ‎studied the reversible ring property on nilpotent elements‎, ‎introducing‎ the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero (simply‎, ‎a CNZ ring)‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we extend the CNZ pr...

Spin–orbit interactions of light

NATURE PHOTONICS | VOL 9 | DECEMBER 2015 | www.nature.com/naturephotonics Light consists of electromagnetic waves that oscillate in time and propagate in space. Scalar waves are described by their intensity and phase distributions. These are the spatial (orbital) degrees of freedom common to all types of waves, both classical and quantum. In particular, a localized intensity distribution determ...