Settlement, Landscape and Narrative: What Really Happened in History*

What Really Happened to U.S. Bond Yields

Analysts have been able to say surprisingly little about the sources of the very volatile yields of long-term U.S. bonds in recent decades. We used surveys of economists’ forecasts to decompose long-term bond yields into expectations of future inflation, expected real short-term interest rates, and the expected bond risk premium. Variation in the bond risk premium accounts for most of the varia...

The Medicare physician fee freeze: what really happened?

What Happened

Alcohol primarily interferes with the ability to form new long-term memories, leaving intact previously established long-term memories and the ability to keep new information active in memory for brief periods. As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, so does the magnitude of the memory impairments. Large amounts of alcohol, particularly if consumed rapidly, can produce partial (i.e., fragm...

A Revolution in Mathematics? What Really Happened a Century Ago and Why It Matters Today

T he physical sciences all went through “revolutions”: wrenching transitions in which methods changed radically and became much more powerful. It is not widely realized, but there was a similar transition in mathematics between about 1890 and 1930. The first section briefly describes the changes that took place and why they qualify as a “revolution”, and the second describes turmoil and resista...

What Happened in CLEF 2005

Each year, the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) organises a series of evaluation tracks designed to test different aspects of monoand cross-language information retrieval system development. From the very beginning the intention has been to encourage experimentation with all kinds of multilingual information access – from the development of systems for monolingual retrieval operating on m...