Self?assembling bile pigments for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Nanomaterials that integrate multiple functions provide promising opportunities for noninvasive and targeted cancer diagnosis therapy. However, the unclear metabolic pathway to nanomaterials brought difficulties clinical application. Self-assembling bile pigments are endogenous functional materials with excellent biocompatibility low toxicity. Functional based on a decent solution this dilemma. In review, features of self-assembling discussed in detail treatment applications. Emphases put intrinsic physicochemical characteristics their applications, including drug delivery, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, anti-inflammation This review will promote exploration these areas tremendously realize innovative applications biliverdin /bilirubin toward