Second Hand

Second-Hand Knowledge*

1 . The Importance of Testimony We citizens of the 2lSt century live in a world where division of epistemic labour rules. Most of what we know we learned from the spoken or written word of others, and we depend in endless practical ways on the technological fruits of the dispersed knowledge of others-of which we often know almost nothing-in virtually every moment of our lives. Interest has been...

Second toe-to-hand transplantation

Background: The toe to hand transplantation is a method of

Second - hand Smoke and Cancer

Expert Opinion and Second-Hand Knowledge

Recent work on testimony and the norms of assertion considers cases of expert testimony. Thinking about expert testimony clarifies which epistemic goods figure in the expectations placed on experts for their knowledge. Examining the distinctive conditions of expert testimony and the assumptions hearers bring to such conversational contexts can provide broader lessons about how knowledge is repr...

Second-hand smoke's worldwide disease toll.

Despite mounting global eff orts to control tobacco use, tobacco smoking remains a common addiction with over 1 billion smokers in the world—about 40% of men and 10% of women. As a result, exposure to secondhand smoke, a known cause of morbidity and premature mortality, is widespread, occurring wherever people spend time in the presence of smokers. In The Lancet, Mattias Öberg and colleagues pr...