Scaffolding Matters? Investigating Its Role in Motivation, Engagement and Learning Achievements in Higher Education

In higher education, students’ engagement plays an essential role in determining learning success. Several studies have focused on identifying the relationship between and achievements. However, comprehensive that include engagement, motivation, scaffolding yet to be performed. This article introduced a concept of metacognitive based frontiers metacognition cognition previously established literature. A conceptual model including cognitive, behavioural, emotional, scaffolding, motivation two new definitions (metacognitive engagement) was proposed validated 220 university students using structural equation modelling. The findings support conjecture cognitive is directly influenced by engagement. Learning all them are triggered motivation. Furthermore, enhances emotional Teachers’ fosters emotions being enthusiastic, interested class, joyful activities, proud their