Safety evaluation of dermal exposure to phthalates: Metabolism-dependent percutaneous absorption
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Exploring a Little-Known Pathway: Dermal Exposure to Phthalates in Indoor Air
Certain phthalate esters used widely in vinyl plastics and other consumer products have been associated with impaired neurodevelopment, altered genital development, and respiratory problems in people. Studies of dermal absorption of phthalates have largely focused on direct contact of the skin with the chemicals, but some models predict that transdermal uptake directly from ambient air may be a...
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The purpose of this review of literature is to examine the association of phthalate exposure with development. Phthalates are chemical compounds used in poly-vinyl chloride, PVC; vinyl flooring, cosmetics, shampoo, air fresheners, soft plastic items, intravenous tubing, food packaging and wraps, textiles, paints, cleaning products and detergents. The effects of phthalates on fetuses, newborns, ...
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We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the antimicrobial agent triclosan after dermal application of a 2% triclosan-containing cream to six volunteers. Percutaneous absorption calculated from urinary excretion was 5.9% +/- 2.1% of the dose (mean +/- standard deviation). The amount absorbed suggests that daily application of a standard adult dose would result in a systemic exposure 890 ...
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Phthalate exposures in the general population and in subpopulations are ubiquitous and widely variable. Many consumer products contain specific members of this family of chemicals, including building materials, household furnishings, clothing, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, medical devices, dentures, children's toys, glow sticks, modelling clay, food packaging, automobiles...
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Geer et al. (2004) provided an interesting comparison between passive dosimetry measures and biomonitoring for chlorpyrifos (CP) exposure in pesticide workers. However, they made a questionable assumption of a 3% dermal absorption factor (DAF) for CP, stating: ‘[The] study by Nolan et al. (1984), supports the use of a 3% DAF, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) accepted value, whereas Kri...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0041-008X
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.009