S3543 Esophageal Parakeratosis? You GERD Be Kidding!

Are you kidding, doc?

Vision therapy: are you kidding me? Problems with current studies.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Orthoptic exercises are routinely prescribed to treat symptoms of convergence insufficiency (CI). The type and duration of treatment tends to vary among providers as until recently, few strong randomized control studies have addressed the efficacy of convergence insufficiency management. The aim of this paper is to address these studies and discuss their limitations. ME...

Pathophysiology of GERD : Ineffective Esophageal Motility

13 ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY TESTING Occasionally endoscopy and barium esophagogram reports contain information about esophageal motility. Still, esophageal manometry is considered the gold standard in evaluating and quantifying esophageal motility. Esophageal manometry in patients with GERD is recommended to investigate the presence of esophageal motility abnormalities associated with GERD and to lo...

Pathophysiology of GERD: Lower Esophageal Sphincter Defects

44 INTRODUCTION T he most common cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction. The LES is a 3–4 cm high-pressure zone of muscular activity in the distal esophagus. The LES is anatomically and histologically distinct from the esophageal body. Manometric and radiographic studies can be used to identify the LES. Intraluminal manometry can detect t...

Modern GERD treatment: feasibility of minimally invasive esophageal sphincter augmentation.

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic disease requiring adequate treatment since it represents one major cause of development of Barrett's esophagus and eventually carcinoma. Novel laparoscopic magnetic sphincter augmentation for GERD was evaluated prospectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 23 patients with GERD underwent minimally invasive implantation of ...