Rough justice

Community assault--the cost of rough justice.

To the Editor: Violent crime pervades South Africa, with murder, rape and serious assault directly affecting around 1 in 50 people per annum. 1 Approximately 21% of the South African population resides in KwaZulu-Natal province, which has some of the country's highest rates of poverty and violent crime. 2 Law enforcement in such areas is challenging and, as a result, some 40% of households are ...

Social Justice Through Civil Justice

Distributive Justice in Pharmaceutical Torts: Justice Where Justice Is Due?

Ongoing tort reform efforts attest to the significant burden that medical liability imposes on the health care system. General attempts to curb excesses can narrow socioeconomic disparities, but as Clark Havighurst and Barak Richman observe, such measures may leave intact some of the regressive characteristics of the framework they supplant. Therefore, it seems appropriate to question whether t...

Rough Sets, Rough Relations and Rough Functions

L-valued Fuzzy Rough Sets

In this paper, we take a GL-quantale as the truth value table to study a new rough set model—L-valued fuzzy rough sets. The three key components of this model are: an L-fuzzy set A as the universal set, an L-valued relation of A and an L-fuzzy set of A (a fuzzy subset of fuzzy sets). Then L-valued fuzzy rough sets are completely characterized via both constructive and axiomatic approaches.