Roads to Survival

Roads to Institutionalization*

Roads to survival: insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways in cardiac muscle.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a role in the regulation of myocardial structure and function. IGF-1 is capable of improving cardiac muscle survival, growth, calcium signaling, and differentiation.1 Among various actions of IGF-1 on heart, the ability of IGF-1 to counteract apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has drawn significant attention in recent years. IGF-1 suppresses myocardial apopto...

The many roads to tremor.

Tremor represents one of the most prominent examples of aberrant synchronisation within the human motor system, and Essential Tremor (ET) is by far the most common tremor disorder. Yet, even within ET there is considerable variation, and patients may have contrasting amounts of postural and intention tremor. Recently, Pedrosa et al. (2013) challenged tremor circuits in a cohort of patients pres...

The Roads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction

1Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Program of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil 2Molecular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, India 3Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia 4Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of S...

Three Roads to Cultural Recurrence

Social scientists have long remarked that there is consistency in what people believe and value over time, especially within definable groups. Anthropologists call this body of information “culture.” There are (at least) three causal mechanisms that can explain the recurrence of cultural traits. Recurrence can occur through 1) strong individual learning biases; 2) population-level normalizing e...