Rising Inequality As a Threat to the Liberal International Order
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract The rise of top-heavy inequality—earnings concentration in a very thin layer elites—calls into question our understanding the distributional effects Liberal International Order. Far more people lose from globalization, and fewer gain, than traditional economic models suggest. We review three modern trade theories (neo-Heckscher-Ohlin-Stolper-Samuelson or H-O-S-S, new theory, geography) that each arrive at conclusion inequality by introducing some form unit heterogeneity—an assumption actors we once treated as identical actually differ one another important ways. Heterogeneity allows gains globalization to concentrate narrow segment workers with superlative talents, extraordinarily productive firms, heavily agglomerated cities. An analysis European voting data shows shocks migration elicit populist opposition only where top 1 percent have gained most. With few politically feasible alternatives protectionism, most notably failure democracies redistribute income, predicts persistence public support for antiglobalization parties, especially those on Right.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Organization
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0020-8183', '1531-5088']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818321000163