Revisiting mycorrhizal dogmas: Are mycorrhizas really functioning as they are widely believed to do?

Chatbots: Are they Really Useful?

Chatbots are computer programs that interact with users using natural languages. This technology started in the 1960’s; the aim was to see if chatbot systems could fool users that they were real humans. However, chatbot systems are not only built to mimic human conversation, and entertain users. In this paper, we investigate other applications where chatbots could be useful such as education, i...

They are from the government and they really are here to help you.

Risk prediction models: are they really necessary?

Mailing address: Domingo M. Braile • Av. Juscelino K. Oliveira, 1505 Jardim Tarraf I 15091-450 São José do Rio Preto, SP Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received November 15, 2010, revised manuscript received November 15, 2010, accepted November 18, 2010.

Programmable valve shunts: are they really better?

Programmable valve shunts allows selection of opening pressure of shunt valve. In the presented article, a unique complication pertaining to programmable shunts has been discussed. A 5-year-old boy who had tectal plate low grade glioma with obstructive hydrocephalus was managed with Codman programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt. There was a spontaneous change in the opening ...

Disturbance–diversity models: what do they really predict and how are they tested?

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) and the dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) are influential theories in ecology. The IDH predicts large species numbers at intermediate levels of disturbance and the DEM predicts that the effect of disturbance depends on the level of productivity. However, various indices of diversity are considered more commonly than the predicted number of species in ...