Revising the Bantu tree

The Bantu Connective Construction

When two nominal constituents are in a relation of dependency in the Bantu languages, the syntactically dependent constituent is usually introduced by a relator. In Bantu studies this relator is called connective (also associative, genitive or connexive) element (or pronoun, clitic, prefix, marker or particle). The order is HEAD (R1) RELATOR (REL) DEPENDENT (R2). R1 and R2 are short for first a...

The Consequences of the Contacts between Bantu and Non-Bantu Languages around Lake Eyasi in Northern Tanzania

In rural Tanzania, recent major influences happen between Kiswahili and English to ethnic languages rather than ethnic languages, which had been in contact for so long, influencing each other. In this work, I report the results of investigation of lexical changes in indigenous languages that aimed at examining how ethnic communities and their languages, namely Cushitic Iraqw, Nilotic Datooga, N...

Privative Tone in Bantu

The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of “zeroing out” a tone in the above sense: When is an opposition properly analyzed as the presence vs. absence of a tone, rather than two different indications of tone, e.g. a + vs. of a tone feature?1 Although phonetic pitch (Fo) is scalar in nature, phonological (categorical) tone frequently has a privative character. The most frequent situat...

Revising the Pareto Chart

The Pareto chart is a bar chart of frequencies sorted by frequency. The most popular incarnation of the chart puts the highest bars on the left and includes a line showing the scores produced by adding the heights in order from left to right. This chart is used widely in quality control settings to identify critical factors leading to failure or defects in a process. This article presents revis...

Revising the Cell Ontology