Response of black swallowwort (<i>Vincetoxicum nigrum</i>) to herbicides plus mowing

Abstract The invasive vine black swallowwort [ Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench = Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz &amp; Gandhi, Apocynaceae] is difficult to control, and herbicide studies are lacking. This long-lived perennial species primarily found in high-light environments natural areas cropping systems northeastern North America. We conducted a 3-yr efficacy study, with or without mowing, an old-field site infested V. Dutchess County, NY, USA. Experimental plots were either treated early July mowed subsequently late August for 2 yr the potassium salt of glyphosate (2.02 kg ae ha −1 ), isopropylamine (1.35 butoxyethyl ester triclopyr (1.79 ). Both formulations effective reducing aboveground biomass, although they somewhat less cover stem densities plants &gt;10-cm tall after compared untreated plots. Mowing did not always enhance foliar applications. Triclopyr, was generally against our study. only significant effect increase grasses While annual applications can be useful management infestations, higher rates more frequent need investigated determine its usefulness control.