Resistance in repressive contexts: A comprehensive test of psychological predictors.

Empirical research on the social psychological antecedents of collective action has been conducted almost exclusively in democratic societies, where activism is relatively safe. The present examines predictors intentions contexts resistance met with significant repression by authorities. Combining recent advancements literature, our model unique predictive roles emotion (anger and fear), political identity consolidation participative efficacies, politicized identification, moral obligation, over above past participation. It further investigates how these variables are shaped perceptions risks attributable to repression. Four survey studies test this among protesters Russia (N = 305), Ukraine 136), Hong Kong 115), Turkey 296). Meta-analytic integration findings highlights that, unlike most current accounts action, not primarily driven efficacy. Rather, their involvement contingent upon beliefs ability protest build a movement (identity efficacies) motivated outrage at state repression, identification movement, sense obligation act behalf. Results also confirm that spur rather than quell increasing outrage, obligation. implications for models understanding motives underlying engagement repressive discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).