Research Progresses and Application of Biofuel Cells Based on Immobilized Enzymes

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are devices that use natural enzymes as catalysts to convert chemical energy from bio-sourced fuels into electrical energy. In this review, we summarize recent research progress and applications in the field of based on immobilized enzymes. Specifically, discuss how optimize improve electrochemical performance operational stability enzymatic through enzyme immobilization materials, methods, electron transfer improvement electrodes, cell construction methods. We also cover current future practical enzymes, including implantable wearable cells. Additionally, present some issues still need be addressed ensure their technical commercial viability sustainability.