Reproductive Cycles in Females

Reproductive strategies in males and females

© 1998 Journals of Reproduction and Fertility 1359-6004/98 $12.50 Puberty, the transition from a sexually immature state to one of full reproductive activity, is timed by signals acting in the brain to increase activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary axis which stimulates the production of mature gametes. There are profound sex differences in the timing of puberty in many species. This occurs by ...

Reproductive compensation in broad-nosed pipefish females.

The differential allocation hypothesis assumes that animals should weigh costs and benefits of investing into reproduction with a current mate against the expected quality of future mates, and predicts that they should invest more into reproduction when pairing with a high-quality mate. In the broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle), males care for the embryos in a brood pouch and females comp...

Sexual reproductive cycles in Mediterranean demosponges

Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch.

Domestic dogs are monoestrous, typically non-seasonal, polytocous, spontaneous ovulators and have a spontaneous luteal phase slightly longer (by approx 5 day) than the 64±1day luteal phases of a 65±1day pregnancy, a phase followed by an obligate anestrus before the next 2-3 week "heat" (proestrus-estrus). The resulting inter-estrus intervals of 5-12 months are variable among bitches, commonly 6...

Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females

Phthalate diesters, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become prevalent contaminants in the environment. Human exposure is ubiquitous and higher phthalate metabolite concentrations documented in patients using medications with phthalate-containing slow release capsules raises concerns for potential health effects. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that phthalate expo...