Relationships between adolescent smartphone usage patterns, achievement goals, and academic achievement

As smartphones are emerging as a common device for adolescent, prior studies have provided theoretical and empirical evidence the factors affecting adolescent smartphone use. However, mainstream research has tended to focus on negative effects of smartphone. Even though use can adverse outcomes, it may also allow students engage in flexible mobile learning, gain access important information about their possible future careers achieve personal goals. To fill this gap usage, study explored usage patterns subpopulations associations with self-control, achievement goals, academic achievements. Data were collected from 2341 s-year high school part larger longitudinal panel study. Three distinct profiles identified latent profile analysis: recreational use, minimal Respondents perseverance assigned learning group, respondents lower compliance group. The goal score was found be highest group lowest Academic higher both groups than Based these findings, implications practice discussed.