Recent Vacuum Metallurgy

Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications

Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications are reviewed. Novel optical interferometer cavity devices enable pressure measurements with ppm accuracy. The innovative dynamic vacuum standard allows for pressure measurements with temporal resolution of 2 ms. Vacuum issues in the construction of huge ultra-high vacuum devices worldwide are reviewed. Recent advances in surface science and th...

Metallurgy of the U

This report describes the composition and some properties of the cast iron and wrought iron that form the dome of the U.S. Capitol. It is a compilation of two recent investigations, one by NIST and one by Lucius Pitkin, Inc. These investigations were implemented by the Office of the Architect of the Capitol to determine the dome’s condition and also to predict how the outer shell might respond ...

Cast Iron Metallurgy

Cast iron (CI) is one of the oldest materials in commercial use. It has excellent compressive strength and is commonly used for structures that require this property, as well as for water and sewer lines. This article explains CI metallurgy and why the understanding of this metallurgy is key to understanding other ferrous materials and alloys. The composition of cast iron (CI) varies significan...

Crystallography Materials Science & Metallurgy

Recent Developments in Quantum Vacuum Energy for Confined Fields

Quantum vacuum energy entered hadronic physics through the zero-point energy parameter introduced into the bag model. Estimates of this parameter led to apparent discordance with phenomenological fits. More serious were divergences which were omitted in an ad hoc manner. New developments in understanding Casimir self-stresses, and the nature of surface divergences, promise to render the situati...