Recent Advances in Fuel Additives and Their Spray Characteristics for Diesel-Based Blends

The spray characteristics play a crucial role in determining the performance and emissions of compression ignition (CI) engines at pre-combustion stage. With advent many types alternative fuels their blends with diesel, it is necessary to investigate effect fuel properties various injection conditions determine penetration length, cone angle area for viable similar or better dispersion diesel. Hence, this study reviews summarizes visualization techniques, along depth analysis macroscopic It was found that higher pressures typically led lengths, atomization reduced Sauter mean diameter. Liquid such as viscosity, surface tension, evaporation well structural formation alcohols, ethers, biodiesel, aliphatic, aromatic, nanoparticle additives. This review compares these additives present comparative diesel ideal minimal changes engine replacing sustainable consisting combustion efficiency due its enhanced characteristics.