منابع مشابه
Moral Reasoning as Probability Reasoning
Previous studies found that the likelihood of subjects to choose a deontological judgment (e.g., allowing harm) or a consequentialist judgment (e.g., doing harm) varied across different moral dilemmas. The present paper explored if the variation can be explained by the differentiation of the perceived outcome probabilities. We generated moral dilemmas that were similar to the classical trolley ...
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This review addresses the long-standing puzzle of how logic and probability fit together in human reasoning. Many cognitive scientists argue that conventional logic cannot underlie deductions, because it never requires valid conclusions to be withdrawn - not even if they are false; it treats conditional assertions implausibly; and it yields many vapid, although valid, conclusions. A new paradig...
متن کاملIntelligent Design and Probability Reasoning
This paper defends two theses about probabilistic reasoning. First, although modus ponens has a probabilistic analog, modus tollens does not – the fact that a hypothesis says that an observation is very improbable does not entail that the hypothesis is improbable. Second, the evidence relation is essentially comparative; with respect to hypotheses that confer probabilities on observation statem...
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We consider the problem of rational uncertainty about unproven mathematical statements, which Gödel and others have remarked on. Using Bayesian-inspired arguments we build a normative model of fair bets under deductive uncertainty which draws from both probability and the theory of algorithms. We comment on connections to Zeilberger’s notion of “semi-rigorous proofs”, particularly that inherent...
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Many-valued reasoning is a well-established domain of investigation with thriving connections to several areas of logic, mathematics, philosophy, and computer science. In May 2009, an international workshop on Algebra and Probability in Many-Valued Logics was held in Darmstadt, Germany. Established as well as younger researchers in the field gathered together to foster progress on various aspec...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Law, Probability and Risk
سال: 2007
ISSN: 1470-8396,1470-840X
DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgm014