Reasonable Reliance and Apparent Authority: East Asia Company Ltd v PT Satria Tirtatama Energindo [2019] UKPC 30

Reasonable Reliance in Estoppel by Conduct

The basis on which an estoppel by conduct is established is a keenly debated question. Theories based on promise and conscience have recently been propounded in the literature: Michael Pratt has argued that equitable estoppel must be based on promise,* 1 while Michael Spence has argued that the central criterion of estoppel by conduct is unconscionable conduct.2 In advancing these promise and c...

Trade Arrangements and Evolving East Asian and Asia Pacific

The paper begins by noting that proposals involving significant developments in the regional tradearchitecture are being developed within regional processes that in some cases are simultaneouslypursuing other dimensions of regional economic integration: monetary and financial cooperation inthe case of ASEAN + 3, and the establishment of a common market in the case of ASEAN. At leastthree of the...

Global Logistics System Asia Co., Ltd

Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology in East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system and an important cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability among young population in several countries. Recent reports from East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia have proposed a low to moderate prevalence of MS in these countries. METHODS A literature review...

a review of the doctrine of reasonable reliance

according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...