Railroads: Rates. Service. Management

Railroads and American Law

Railroads and American Economic Growth : A

This paper examines the historical impact of railroads on the American economy, with a focus on quantifying the aggregate impact in the agricultural sector in 1890. Expansion of the railroad network may have affected all counties directly or indirectly — an econometric challenge that arises in many empirical settings. However, the total impact on each county is captured by changes in that count...

Zigzags, Railroads, and Knots in Fullerenes

Two connections between fullerene structures and alternating knots are established. Knots may appear in two ways: from zigzags, i.e., circuits (possibly self-intersecting) of edges running alternately left and right at successive vertices, and from railroads, i.e., circuits (possibly self-intersecting) of edge-sharing hexagonal faces, such that the shared edges occur in opposite pairs. A z-knot...

Queue with Service Rates Depending on Service Batch Size

We consider a bulk service G I / M / l queue with service rates depending on service batch size. If there are n customers waiting at the completion of service, min(n, I\) customers enter service. We show that the queue size and the service batch size at points of arrivals form an embedded Markov chain and the steady-state probabilities of this Markov chain have the matrix geometric form. We des...

The Economic Impact of the Railroads