Radiation Environment in Space

The Space Radiation Environment

The effects of the space radiation environment on spacecraft systems and instruments are significant design considerations for space missions. Astronaut exposure is a serious concern for manned missions. In order to meet these challenges and have reliable, cost-effective designs, the radiation environment must be understood and accurately modeled. The nature of the environment varies greatly be...

Geant4 hadronic physics for space radiation environment.

PURPOSE To test and to develop Geant4 (Geometry And Tracking version 4) Monte Carlo hadronic models with focus on applications in a space radiation environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Monte Carlo simulations have been performed using the Geant4 toolkit. Binary (BIC), its extension for incident light ions (BIC-ion) and Bertini (BERT) cascades were used as main Monte Carlo generators. For co...

Harsh Environments: Space Radiation Environment, Effects, and Mitigation

Space radiation environment effects on X-ray CCDbackground

Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are often employed as the detector of choice for observing X-rays in space. The instrument background experienced in orbit has a major impact on the overall sensitivity of the camera system. The instrument background for the European Space Agency X-ray Multi Mirror (XMM-Newton) mission was found to be much greater in orbit than that originally predicted pre-launch,...

Guideline for Ground Radiation Testing and Using Optocouplers in the Space Radiation Environment