Quantifying accumulation or exclusion of H+, HO−, and Hofmeister salt ions near interfaces

Interactions between macromolecules and ions: The Hofmeister series.

The Hofmeister series, first noted in 1888, ranks the relative influence of ions on the physical behavior of a wide variety of aqueous processes ranging from colloidal assembly to protein folding. Originally, it was thought that an ion's influence on macromolecular properties was caused at least in part by 'making' or 'breaking' bulk water structure. Recent time-resolved and thermodynamic studi...

Quantifying design exclusion

Active H Efflux from Cells of Low-salt Barley Roots during Salt Accumulation.

Measurements were made of net H(+) loss from low-salt barley roots accumulating salt. Comparison of rates of loss from roots in different concentrations of KCl showed that H(+) loss increased in the same way as the Mechanism II component of salt uptake. This H(+) loss appeared to be coupled to salt uptake and was not due to increased respiration or metabolic breakdown of sugars. In view of the ...

Ions at Aqueous Interfaces

Studies of aqueous interfaces and of the behavior of ions therein have been profiting from a recent remarkable progress in surface selective spectroscopies, as well as from developments in molecular simulations. Here, we summarize and place in context our investigations of ions at aqueous interfaces employing molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure methods, performed in close co...

Polarizable ions at interfaces.

A nonperturbative theory is presented which allows us to calculate the solvation free energy of polarizable ions near water-vapor and water-oil interfaces. The theory predicts that larger halogen anions are adsorbed at the interface, while the alkali metal cations are repelled from it. The density profiles calculated theoretically are similar to those obtained using molecular dynamics simulatio...