Qualifying and quantifying medical uncertainty in 10th-century Baghdad: Abu Bakr al-Razi

Qualifying and quantifying medical uncertainty in 10th-century Baghdad: Abu Bakr al-Razi.

Al-Razi rose to become a hospital director both in Rayy (his home town, and now a suburb of Tehran) and Baghdad. This hospital environment proved important for his medical research. By the 10th century, hospitals in Baghdad had developed into quite sophisticated institutions. For instance, in the 920s and 930s, a powerful vizier by the name ‘Ali ibn ‘Isa endeavoured to improve public health, bo...

Al-Razi and Islamic medicine in the 9th century.

Although Baghdad was only 50 years old in the 9th century, it was at the peak of its political power, a powerhouse of learning and the leading medical centre of the time. It was there that many important Greek works were translated into Arabic, including Dioscorides's Materia medica, which formed the basis for Arabic pharmacology. While Islamic physicians revered Greek medicine and seldom quest...

A Comparative Study between the Texts and Images of Abu Bakr and Imam ‘Ali in the Ilkhanid and Timurid Copies of the Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh

Among the Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh manuscripts produced in the Rabʿ-i Rashidi, four copies have survived: one in Arabic and three in Persian. A century after their transcription, all these manuscripts were in the possession of the Timurid ruler, Shahrukh. Since these manuscripts were incomplete, Shahrukh ordered Hafiz-i Abru to complete the Persian copies. In the process of completion of one of these ...

Medical Education in 21st-century

Medical education play an important role in health of people in 20st-century, but this system has to change overtime. Medical education must respond to not only the demand of community at larg but also to changing in new technologies. Medical education have been criticized in last two decades of 20st-century, because of producing too many specialists focus on treatment instead of health, insuf...

RAZI AND HIS BOOK ON AL-TIN AL NISHABURI