Pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound in canine reproductive system – Part 1: technical aspects

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on essential technical aspects implementing pulsed Doppler, as part teachings their use in diagnosis changes canine reproductive system. A narrative was carried out, using scientific articles, monographs, theses and dissertations published available online databases: Periodical Capes (Coordination for Improvement Higher Education Personnel), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) Google Scholar, addition specific books topic. Two-dimensional ultrasound has been widely used medicine since 1942, leading advancements disease identification subsequent prognosis. In terms vascular assessment, Doppler evaluate blood flow inside vessel, its direction, hemodynamic pattern. Among all types ultrasound, Color (CD), Power (PD), Pulsed-wave (PW) are commonly abnormalities through imaging analysis indices: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic (EDV), resistance index (RI), pulsatility (PI). To accurately estimate these indices, however, it know adjustments parameters such pulse repetition frequency (PRF), size sample volume (Gate), angle insonation, gain, baseline, wall filter, which need be corrected avoid technician derive artifacts aliasing, signal absence, mirror imaging. medicine, Mode functions already well established, but veterinary still a subject recent studies.