Pseudomonas and risk factor mitigation for chronic lung allograft dysfunction

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction: evolving practice.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was recently introduced as an overarching term covering different phenotypes of chronic allograft dysfunction, including obstructive CLAD (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), restrictive CLAD (restrictive allograft syndrome) and graft dysfunction due to causes not related to chronic rejection. In the present review, we will highlight t...

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation: challenges and solutions

A new classification system for chronic lung allograft dysfunction.

Although survival after lung transplantation has improved significantly during the last decade, chronic rejection is thought to be the major cause of late mortality. The physiologic hallmark of chronic rejection has been a persistent fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second associated with an obstructive ventilatory defect, for which the term bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) was defi...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Airway Epithelial Injury Drives Fibroblast Activation: A Mechanism in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction

Bacterial infections after lung transplantation cause airway epithelial injury and are associated with an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The damaged epithelium is a source of alarmins that activate the innate immune system, yet their ability to activate fibroblasts in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome has not been evaluated. Two epithelial ala...

Chronic renal allograft dysfunction.

The major causes of renal transplant loss are death from vascular, malignant or infectious disease, and loss of the allograft from chronic renal dysfunction associated with the development of graft fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is the histologic description of the fibrosis, vascular and glomerular damage occurring in renal allografts. Clinical programs rel...