Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Diplodia seriata by commercial biological and chemical methods

The grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) Botryosphaeria dieback and esca threaten the sustainability of industry worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate compare efficacy various liquid (pyraclostrobin + boscalid thiophanate methyl) paste (paste tebuconazole) formulation fungicide treatments as well biological control agents (Trichoderma atroviride SC1 T. I-1237), for their potential prevent infection pruning wounds by Diplodia seriata Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in two field trials over growing seasons. Treatments were applied freshly pruned following label dosages’ recommendations. After 24 h, artificially inoculated with 400 spores D. or 800 P. chlamydospora. Isolations made from treated after 12 months treatments. Fungicide formulations superior Trichoderma-based both pathogens during seasons, mean percent disease 44–95% 46–67% Pyraclostrobin was most effective treatment. Trichoderma atroviride-based did not reduce compared untreated vineyards represents first scientific comparative vineyard assessment commercial protect against GTD fungi Europe provides growers tangible preventative practices minimize yield losses due GTD.