Process mapping in healthcare: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction Process mapping (PM) supports better understanding of complex systems and adaptation improvement interventions to their local context. However, there is little research on its use in healthcare. This study (i) proposes a conceptual framework outlining quality criteria guide the effective implementation, evaluation reporting PM healthcare; (ii) reviews published cases identify context application, reported benefits using Methods We developed by reviewing methodological guidance empirical literature healthcare interventions. conducted systematic review PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) methodology. Inclusion were: full text study; describing process through which has been applied setting; English. Databases searched are: Medline, Embase, HMIC–Health Management Information Consortium, CINAHL-Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature, Scopus. Two independent reviewers extracted analysed data. Each manuscript underwent line coding. The was used evaluate adherence studies identified criteria. Context were coded an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results outlines each phase: preparation, planning identification, data information gathering, (iii) map generation, (iv) analysis, (v) taking it forward. variety settings approaches improvement. None reviewed ( N = 105) met all ten criteria; 7% compliant with 8/10 or 9/10 45% that generated multi-professional meetings 15% patient involvement. Studies highlighted value navigating complexity characterising Conclusion potential inhibited variance poor underpinning principles. Greater rigour application method required. encourage further development proposed support training, PM. Trial Registration Prospero ID: CRD42017082140