Primary Energy Factors for Electricity Production in Europe
نویسندگان
چکیده
The European Union (EU) has committed to supporting the United Nations’ efforts in line with Paris Agreement for addressing climate change and set ambitious targets reduce primary energy consumption emissions. Similar commitments have also been by EU-27 member states. For this purpose, it is necessary use a factor (PEF) converting electricity units assessing conservation measures. Lower PEFs reflect efficiency improvements power generation, an increased share of renewable sources fuel mix lower transmission distribution losses. Over past decades, there intensive notable progress increasing renewables generation. However, EU default PEF value was not regularly updated remained at 2.5 several years till finally recalculated 2.1 2018 recast Energy Efficiency Directive. This paper reviews different calculation options estimating from official annual statistics, presents historical evolution calculated conversion factors, provides simple linear correlations projecting values that can be used facilitate more-realistic forward-looking calculations assess national efficiency, change, or decarbonization plans A more detailed analysis case studies on impacts work are illustrated Greece Poland.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energies
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1996-1073']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010093