Primary cilia presence and implications in bladder cancer progression and invasiveness

Urothelial bladder cancer is the tenth most common worldwide. It divided into muscle and non-muscle invading cancer. Primary cilia have been related to several hallmarks such as proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or tumoral progression mainly through signaling pathways Hedgehog (Hh). In present study, we used immunohistochemical ultrastructural techniques in human tissues of healthy bladder, non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) muscle-invasive (MIBC) study clarify activation pathway presence primary cilia. Thus, found a clear correlation between EMT stage progression. Moreover, identified these tissues. Interestingly, that NMIBC, some ciliated cells cross basement membrane localized lamina propria, near blood vessels. These results show beginning from urothelial basal assembly suggest potential implication this structure migration invasiveness (likely Hh-dependent way). Hence, may play fundamental role suppose therapeutic target.