Primary Aldosteronism Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension (HTN), with an estimated prevalence of 4% of hypertensive patients in primary care and around 10% of referred patients. Patients with PA have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than age- and sex-matched patients with essential HTN and the same degree of blood pressure elevation. PA is characterized by an aut...

Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and treatment.

Recent studies have indicated a higher prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) than reported historically. Aldosterone excess induces sodium and fluid retention with consequential increases in blood pressure. Patients with PA are at an increased risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, and endothelial dysfunction. Measurement of the plasma aldosterone/plasma ren...

Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism

A renin-ssance in primary aldosteronism testing: obstacles and opportunities for screening, diagnosis, and management.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a group of adrenal disorders characterized by autonomous production of aldosterone independent of angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. Idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause followed by aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA or Conn syndrome), unilateral adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal carcinoma, and rare familial forms. Aldosterone excess results in sodi...

Minireview: primary aldosteronism--changing concepts in diagnosis and treatment.

Primary aldosteronism affects 5-13% of patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension and hypokalemia and most patients with treatment-resistant hypertension should undergo screening for primary aldosteronism with a plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio. A high plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio is a positive screening test result, ...