Price Squeezes in New Zealand Competition Law: Goodbye to the Efficient Component Pricing Rule and the Equally Efficient Competitor

Access and Interconnection Pricing: How Efficient is the "Efficient Component Pricing Rule"?

This paper critiques some of the properties of the so-called "efficient component pricing rule" (ECPR) for access to a bottleneck (monopoly) facility. When an entrant/rival and the bottleneck monopolist both produce a complementary component to the bottleneck service, the ECPR specifies that the access fee paid by the rival to the monopolist should be equal to the monopolist’s opportunity costs...

The Efficient Component Pricing Rule: Friend or Foe?

Price Squeezes with Positive Margins in Eu Competition Law: Economic and Legal Anatomy of a Zombie

Whilst this stands to reason, the TeliaSonera case-law adds that there can also be an “exclusionary” abuse when rivals’ margins are “positive”, 2 by virtue, for instance of “reduced profitability”. 3 In other words, there is an infringement of Article 102 TFEU even if rivals maintain the ability to competitively sell their products at prices above costs. We call this the positive margin squeeze...

unfair competition in the form of denigratinge the competitor in iranian and french law

one example of unfair competition is competition through discrediting a competitor. french doctrine and precedent has been accepted and it has explained this legal entity. but the richness of the iranian legal literature on this subject is not enough. therefore, in this paper a review of unfair competition, while explaining the concept and its variants, and based on the analysis of the resultin...

nano-rods zno as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chromene phosphonates, direct amidation and formylation of amines

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