Preservation techniques and their effect on nutritional values and microbial population of brewer’s spent grain: a review

Abstract The most prevalent by-product produced by the brewery factory is brewer's spent grain (BSG). A total of 70%, 10%, and 20% BSG are used for animal feed, biogas production, landfills, respectively. Feeding wet can avoid cost drying. Wet as a replacement forage in diets animals. high moisture content ease deterioration leftover fresh feed drawbacks (3–5 days). provided low-cost despite its greater perishability microbiological instability. There two significant challenges brought on BSG's higher (80%). First, transportation expensive. Second, abundance proteins polysaccharides promotes microbial development deterioration. Therefore, these problems be solved utilizing various preservation methods, including drying (solar, freeze, oven drying), freezing, ensiling (both alone combination with other feeds), additives (Silo-King GPX preservatives, xylanase, carbohydrase (econase) protease (alcalase), urea lime, sodium formate, calcium propionate, formic propionic acids, acetic acid, NaCl, NaOH, HCl, H2SO4).