Predicting Influenza Infections during Epidemics with Use of a Clinical Case Definition

Early occurrence of influenza A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections

BACKGROUND Viral interaction in which outbreaks of influenza and other common respiratory viruses might affect each other has been postulated by several short studies. Regarding longer time periods, influenza epidemics occasionally occur very early in the season, as during the 2009 pandemic. Whether early occurrence of influenza epidemics impacts outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses is no...

Do Intensive Care Data on Respiratory Infections Reflect Influenza Epidemics?

OBJECTIVES Severe influenza can lead to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. We explored whether ICU data reflect influenza like illness (ILI) activity in the general population, and whether ICU respiratory infections can predict influenza epidemics. METHODS We calculated the time lag and correlation between ILI incidence (from ILI sentinel surveillance, based on general practitioners (GP) co...

Nosocomial Infections: The Definition Criteria

Accuracy of Zika virus disease case definition during simultaneous Dengue and Chikungunya epidemics

BACKGROUND Zika is a new disease in the American continent and its surveillance is of utmost importance, especially because of its ability to cause neurological manifestations as Guillain-Barré syndrome and serious congenital malformations through vertical transmission. The detection of suspected cases by the surveillance system depends on the case definition adopted. As the laboratory diagnosi...

an investigation of the types of text reduction in subtitling: a case study of the persian film gilaneh with english subtitles

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