Preconditioning With High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Induces Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Tolerance

Ulinastatin Preconditioning Attenuates Inflammatory Reaction of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats via High Mobility Group Box 1(HMGB1) Inhibition

Objective It has been found that ulinastatin (UTI) can attenuate hepatic injury in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion (IR), but the specific mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate possible pathomechanism of ulinastatin in reducing the inflammatory response after hepatic IR. Methods A male sprague-dawley(SD) rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury was used. The rats were ...

High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB1) interacts with multiple Toll like receptors

High mobility group box 1(HMGB1), originally described as a DNA-binding protein, can also be released extracellularly and functions as a late mediator of inflammatory responses. Although recent reports indicated that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), as well as Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), were involved in cellular activation by HMGB1, there has been little evidenc...

A Janus tale of two active high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) redox states.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is released at sites of inflammation and/or tissue damage. There, it promotes cytokine production and chemokine production/cell migration. New work shows that the redox status of HMGB1 distinguishes its cytokine-inducing and chemokine activity. Reduced all-thiol-HMGB1 has sole chemokine activity, whe...

The function of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the immune system

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ischaemic heart disease: beneficial or deleterious?

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1; also known as amphoterin) protein was identified more than 30 years ago as a non-chromosomal nuclear protein that maintains the nucleosome structure and regulates gene transcription. HMGB1 is highly conserved among species, has over 98% identity among all mammals, and is ubiquitously expressed in almost all types of cells. HMGB1-deficient mice are viable but di...