Powder flow simulation of a ring-type coaxial nozzle and cladding experiment in laser metal deposition

A 3D full size numerical model of a ring-type coaxial nozzle was established to obtain particle space trajectory and convergence character. The realizable k-ε applied in the gas flow phase. powder coupled with by using Euler–Lagrange approach as discrete phase model. Different material sizes were selected calculate concentration distribution. simulated stream morphology matched well experimental results high-speed camera observations. Simulation showed that mean diameter $$\overline{\mathrm{d} }$$ replace Rosin–Rammler distribution could get accurate flowing characteristic results. also this substitution save computational resources reduce computing time significantly. presence shielding has direct impact on mass spatial distribution, maximum value height, spot flow. For 316L small Ni60A large size, we found different change regularities no linear relationship found. Therefore, it is recommended not input volume without special needs. results, combining laser cladding experiments Ni60A, have demonstrated developed transport efficiently form excellent deposited layers. conditional utilization ratio can be good 75.9%.