Population Survey Combined with Genomic-Wide Genetic Variation Unravels the Endangered Status of Quercus gilva

Since the Anthropocene, biodiversity loss owing to human activity and climate change has worsened. Quercus gilva is an evergreen oak species native China, Japan, South Korea threatened by a long history of impact. The purpose this study was (1) reassess category Q. based on detailed survey, (2) identify genetic structure diversity genomic data. First, we conducted survey populations in China. Second, collated all literature information. Finally, genome-wide variation analyzed 65 individuals from 22 populations. We found that suffered rapid population decline, at present, most are very small. evolutionary path southwest east China then Japan Korea. showed no distinct had relatively low diversity. Among populations, southwestern Korea, high Jingning (Zhejiang province; ZJN), Wuyuan (Jinaxi JWY), Zherong (Fujian FZR) strong bottleneck. In conclusion, endangered East Asia. Because small, need strengthen protection species, conduct conservation actions with in-situ reinforcement (3) select as provenances for afforestation efforts. suggest future, should be considered sixth criterion IUCN evaluate category.