Pollution accumulation and abatement policies in two supply chains under vertical and horizontal competition and strategy types

This research investigates the impact of both horizontal and vertical competition, on one hand, strategy types (commitment-based versus contingent-based equilibrium strategies), other pollution accumulated by two supply chains over time. We consider a two-stage game model where manufacturers retailers are involved in wholesale price contract, order to demand finite time horizon. In first stage game, set their respective optimal transfer prices. During second stage, polluting emissions created proportion with demand, which is controlled retailers’ consumer this abatement. setup, we seek identify combination market structure type that leads generate lowest intensity highest level abatement intensity.