Political machines: a framework for studying politics in social machines

Abstract In the age of ubiquitous computing and artificially intelligent applications, social machines serves as a powerful framework for understanding interpreting interactions in socio-algorithmic ecosystems. Although researchers have largely used it to analyze individuals algorithms, limited attempts been made investigate politics machines. this study, I claim that are per se political machines, introduce five-point classifying influence processes By drawing from scholars theory, use notion functions meta-concept connecting comparing different conceptions politics. way, can associate multiple aspects cybernetic perspective. show efficiently categorizes dimensions shape between algorithms. These categories symbolic influence, conduct, algorithmic design, regulatory influence. Using case studies, describe how they interact with each other on online networks decision-making systems illustrate is able guide scientists further research.