Plant-Based Methodologies and Approaches for Estimating Plant Water Status of Mediterranean Tree Species: A Semi-Systematic Review

Global climate change presents a threat for the environment, and it is aggravated by mismanagement of water use in agricultural sector. Since plants are intermediate component soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, their physiology directly affected availability, plant-based approaches proved to be sensitive effective estimating plant status can used as possible water-saving strategy crop irrigation scheduling. This work consists two parts: first part extensively reviews methods that most applied monitor (PWS), different technologies available, gaps, possibility further improvements establishing sustainable schedule. The various described, differences between conventional recent improved analyzed. second an extensive dataset survey 83 publications from 2012 2022 main monitoring methodologies assessment fruit nut tree crops cultivated Mediterranean climate. aim this serve practical reference deepen reader knowledge on PWS enhance researchers identify gaps potential advances designing user-friendly technologies.