Phytochemical and Bioactivity Studies on Hedera helix L. (Ivy) Flower Pollen and Ivy Bee Pollen

Bee pollen, known as a ‘life-giving dust’, is product of honeybees using flower pollen grains and combining them with their saliva secretions. Thus, could be an indicator the bee botanical source. Identification sources highly crucial process for evaluation its health benefits, chemical composition directly related to pharmacological activity. In this study, profiles, contents phenolic marker compounds activities Hedera helix L. (ivy) samples from Türkiye Slovenia, well ivy grains, were compared. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analyses revealed that samples, regardless where they collected, have similar profiles due fact same origins. Marker afzelin, platanoside quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-galactopyranoside, common both isolated structures elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) mass spectrometry (MS). These three compounds, chlorogenic acid 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic (found in pollen), quantified high-performance liquid (HPLC) analyses. vitro tests effect-directed used evaluate xanthine oxidase inhibition antioxidant activity extracts pollen. This first report comparing bioactivities origin, profile