Physicians faced to treatments refusals

microleakage evaluation in regard to cavo-surface designs & treatments

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What to Do about Unilateral Refusals to License?

There are well-known circumstances under which unilateral refusals to license will cause harm to competition, that is, will lower consumer welfare. However, when the strategy is profitable, refusals to license also increase the returns to intellectual property, and thus limitations on them will reduce the incentives for firms to invest in innovation. The optimal balance between innovation incen...

Refusals by pharmacists to dispense emergency contraception: a critique.

Over the past several months, numerous instances have been reported in the United States media of pharmacists refusing to fill prescriptions written for emergency postcoital contraceptives. These pharmacists have asserted a "professional right of conscience" not to participate in what they interpret as an immoral act. In this commentary, we examine this assertion and conclude that it is not jus...

Conscientious refusals to refer: findings from a national physician survey.

BACKGROUND Regarding controversial medical services, many have argued that if physicians cannot in good conscience provide a legal medical intervention for which a patient is a candidate, they should refer the requesting patient to an accommodating provider. This study examines what US physicians think a doctor is obligated to do when the doctor thinks it would be immoral to provide a referral....

Exclusive Dealing Implemented Through Refusals to Deal: The Refused Party