Phylogenetic and Palynological Study of the Genus Epilobium L. (Onagraceae) in Kurdistan Region-Iraq

The phylogeny of the species Epilobium in Kurdistan Region-Iraq was investigated by using six in-group species: E. anatolicum Hausskn. subsp. anatolicum, hirsutum L., obscurum Schreber, parviflorum rechingeri Raven., tetragonum L. and one out-group related genus: Ludwingia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet, based on trnL-F intergenic region chloroplast DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nuclear ribosomal DNA. In addition, pollen morphology seven (the previous mentioned with ponticum Hausskn.), examined Light Microscope (LM) Scanning Electron (SEM). Individual analysis trnL ITS sequence data indicated monophyly genus Epilobium, results bayesian maximum parsimony displayed two clades high supports (bs=100%, pp=1.00). grains usually tetrads, radially symmetrical, isopolar, numerous, yellow, five appeared oblate whereas were suboblate; polar view triangular equatorial ellipsoid; their sizes medium (medium-large parviflorum). apertures triporate. exine sculpturing not obvious.