Phobos regolith simulants PGI-1 and PCA-1

Evaluations of lunar regolith simulants

Apollo lunar regolith samples are not available in quantity for engineering studies with In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). Therefore, with expectation of a return to the Moon, dozens of regolith (soil) simulants have been developed, to some extent a result of inefficient distribution of NASA-sanctioned simulants. In this paper, we review many of these simulants, with evaluations of their sho...

Missing Craters on Eros, Phobos, and the Moon - Crater Erasure in a Thick Regolith?

The NEAR Shoemaker images provided the first reliable observations of sub-100 m craters on an asteroid. Veverka et al. [1] and Chapman et al. [2] found that much of the surface approached "empirical saturation", but at sizes below about 100-200 m the crater density was progressively lower than predicted for nearly saturated surfaces and did not have a slope expected of production populations. W...

Standard Lunar Regolith Simulants for Space Resource Utilization Technologies Development: Effects of Materials Choices

Introduction: As NASA turns its exploration ambitions towards the Moon once again, the research and development of new technologies for lunar operations face the challenge of meeting the milestones of a fast-pace schedule, reminiscent of the 1960's Apollo program. While the lunar samples returned by the Apollo and Luna missions have revealed much about the Moon, these priceless materials exist ...

1 Scaling behavior of (Nch) −1 dNch/dη at √ sNN = 130 GeV by PHOBOS Collaboration and its implication

Cat$^1$-polygroups and pullback cat$^1$-polygroups

In this paper‎, ‎we give the notions of crossed polymodule and cat$^1$-polygroup‎ ‎as a generalization of Loday's definition‎. ‎Then‎, ‎we define the pullback cat$^1$-polygroup and we obtain some results in this respect‎. ‎Specially‎, ‎we prove that by a pullback cat$^1$-polygroup we can obtain a cat$^1$-group‎.