منابع مشابه
The Pharmacology of Spinal Opioids and Ziconotide for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Pain
BACKGROUND Intrathecal drug delivery has undergone a revitalization following a better understanding of this delivery route and its pharmacokinetics. Driven by patient safety and outcomes, clinicians are motivated to rethink the traditional spinal infusion pump patient selection criteria and indications. We review the current understanding of the pharmacology of commonly employed intrathecal ag...
متن کاملClinical pharmacology of spinal opioids for the treatment of pain: A current update on proper usage
OPEN ACCESS This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits reuse, distribution and reproduction of the article, provided that the original work is properly cited and the reuse is restricted to noncommercial purposes. For commercial reuse, contact reprin...
متن کاملClinical pharmacology of opioids for pain.
The pharmacological effects of the opioid analgesics are derived from their complex interactions with three opioid receptor types (mu, delta, and kappa; morphine is an agonist at the mu opioid receptor). These receptors are found in the periphery, at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and in the brain stem, thalamus, and cortex, in what constitutes the ascending ...
متن کاملPharmacology of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes.
The perpetual pursuit of pain elimination has been constant throughout human history and pervades human cultures. In some ways it is as old as medicine itself. Cultures throughout history have practiced the art of pain management through remedies such as oral ingestion of herbs or techniques believed to have special properties. In fact, even Hippocrates wrote about the practice of trepanation, ...
متن کاملSpinal cord pharmacology of pain.
The transmission of pain from peripheral tissues through the spinal cord to the higher centres of the brain is clearly not a passive simple process using exclusive pathways. Rather, circuitry within the spinal cord has the potential to alter, dramatically, the relation between the stimulus and the response to pain in an individual. Thus an interplay between spinal neuronal systems, both excitat...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
سال: 1990
ISSN: 0885-3924
DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(90)90009-9